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Starship Defenses
The numbers indicate a "tech level" corresponding to the History section.
Defensive measures on starships apply a number of techniques to stop incoming damage. Shield technology is often coupled with hull composition to maximize a starship's ability to absorb or deflect incoming damage from combat or environmental sources.

Hulls often combine the properties of various materials with physical configurations that maximize their ability to absorb damage.
They are generally also articulated, formed of layers that move slightly in relation to one another and help absorb gravitational and other stresses. Hulls can additionally have modifiers that further extend the hull's protective capabilities.

Hull Materials
Fiber Weave 1 Fabric made of long-chain molecules possessing many strong hydrogen-bond cross-links. The materials in fiber weaves form in a tight net pattern that resists separations of the individual strands. Thin layers of fiber weave are then layered in the millions and bound with soft polymer glues. The result is thick, moulded plates capable of spreading impact traumas across a significant surface area and slowing and stopping kinetic penetrations. The polymers are incredibly resistant to heat, impact, piercing, and chemical penetration.
Biohull or Ichor 1 Known as Biocamb to the Y'Hotha who grow it and colloquially as Ichor, Biohull is a biologically grown, living starship armour with an incredible ability to absorb impacts and blunt trauma forces. It is a group of anaerobic organisms which are genetically programmed to form and maintain a particular collective shape. They will rapidly reform damage to the collective shape by constantly flowing and recombining themselves within their structural constraints and growing back lost or damaged members.
Composite PolySteel 4
An exceptionally hard, moulded composite material combining steel, ceramic, and polymers in a nano-matrix. The result is heavy but exceptionally hard. 
Crystee 3 Crystee is a crystalline substance biologically grown exclusively by the Y'Hotha Alliance. A single layer is brittle but when stacked in molecularly exclusive layers it becomes extremely hard and durable, spreading impact from layer to layer and across its surface. It is fairly reflective to incoming energy weapons and, most importantly, will conduct and dissipate an extremely high quantity of energy throughout its own structure and between molecular layers, gradually releasing the energy as heat. Crystee is used by the Y'Hotha on scales from personal armour to starship plating.
Hardened Polymers 2 Similar to Fiber Weaves, thin layers or long-chain molecules are layered together with a hardened-polymer bonding agent and moulded into shape. The bonding agent adds significant hardness to the composite, while the ballistic weave reinforces the brittle bonding agent and helps distribute impact trauma. A relatively light and effective armour. Hardened polymer will crumble in patches under sustained, heavy beating. While this is inconvenient in terms of long term durability, the crumbling actually helps in the dissipation of the immediate impact.
Molyceramic Matrix 2 A hard, moulded, polymer/ceramic laminate. The alternating layers of material are chosen to reinforce each others' ability to withstand and endure heat and impacts and are formed on a microscopic scale. Molyceramic Matrix will crumble under repeated impacts. While this is inconvenient in terms of long term durability, the crumbling actually helps in the dissipation of the immediate impact.
Quicksilver 6
A brand name for a material developed by Azatlath Advanced Construction. It is a composite material composed of a murky, semi-transparent plastic doped with flakes of randomly aligned, highly reflective alloys. It is very effective against energy weapons, having an ultra-high incidence of reflectivity and the ability to absorb and internally diffuse energies that are not actually reflected when they encounter the surface. It is a fairly brittle substance that requires a solid substructure. It tends to crack and fall apart locally when bent or subjected to physical impacts.
Titanium NanoMatrix 3 Heavy metal-composite plates that use a variety of titanium compounds to achieve exceptional protective quality. In particular, it uses the hardness of titanium carbides and the remarkable self-cleaning properties of titanium dioxide. Essentially, the Matrix binds titanium compounds with reaction accelerants and bio-flourescent molecules. The base reaction between the UV and titanium dioxide rapidly breaks down organics on the surface of the armour, ensuring it is free from most common dirt, diseases, and many chemical and bacteriological agents.

Hull Configurations
Capacitive Plating 2 Sometimes combined with charged plating, capacitive plating involves electrolytic or air gaps between between charged metal armour plates. Fire from Incoming energy weapons tends to add to the capacitive charge on the outer plates rather than damaging the armour. The stored capacitive energy discharges when contacted by physical projectiles such as missiles, often causing them to detonate before they can penetrate a significant number of layers of the armour. Capacitive charge can be gained slowly through static accumulation or quickly from the ship's power system or incoming energy weapons.
Charged plating 1 Exterior armour which is electromagnetically charged to repel. While it is not exceptionally effective, it is a cheap method that somewhat lessons the damage done by both physical and energy attacks. 
Composite plating 1 Armour plating is stacked in successive layers composed of materials with differing physical properties. If an attack penetrates a layer that can't stop it, the next layer will be another material which may. Layering schemes will often include alternating layers of reflective, metal, and ceramic armours.
Reinforced hull 1 Engineers develop complicated methods and configurations for mounting armour to lessen impacts and to passively absorb the energy of explosions. Layers of armour may be mounted on complex shock absorbers. They can be designed with channels that redirect blasts between successive layers of armour.

Hull Modifiers
Nanocambium 5 "Nanocamb" or "nancamb" An external coating of specialized repair-nanites that repair the surface of the ship's armour and hull as it is damaged. They rebuild damaged armour at the molecular level, either by borrowing neighbouring material or carrying it from the ship's stores.
Nanohull 6
Self-rebuilding armour consisting of a variety of advanced matrix and multi-function nanites that bind with each other and the inert materials of the hull. The ability to clean, maintain, and repair itself is common and some models can even change their physical properties to adapt to changing conditions.
Stealth Plating

 

4
While providing only modest extra protection against energy-based attacks, the real benefit of stealth-style plating is that it makes one's ship harder to successfully hit. Using a combination of materials in a variety of physical configurations, engineers can design platings that reflect, absorb, or reroute sensor signals and passive energies to minimize the signature of a ship as seen by the targeting computers, tracking systems, and visual monitors of enemy ships and missiles.

Fields
Shields 3 Referred to by various crews, corporations, and lifeforms as "the shell" or "shields", the gravity-based defense field is common. Using near-field gravity projectors, damage from explosions, collisions, and concentrated energy weapons is absorbed or directed away from the ship.
Stealth Field 6 Uses optic coatings and subtle gravity fields to bend and refract light rays, sensor beams, etc.
Trajectors 5 Developed from the Concipital Trajector Field used to harvest energy in fusion power plants, the starship Trajector shield is an absorptive shield system surrounding the ship that converts energy into storable electricity. While the Concipital Trajector is finely tuned to maximize the absorption of energy from fusion reactions, the starship Trajector is considerably less efficient but more flexible, absorbing power from everything from passive cosmic rays to incoming energy weapons. The starship Trajector, being considerably more detuned than the fusion Concipital Trajector, creates a great deal more "dirty subversion" in the form of waste heat and light where the conversion takes place. The absorbed energy is funneled into massive banks of isolators, transformers, and capacitors or batteries, converting useless or dangerous energies into useable power. Useless against physical threats.
UFog   Utility Fog is a swarm of versatile nanites in a tight configuration surrounding a starship. At their most primitive level, the nanites can clean, maintain, and repair the exterior of the starship. More advanced UFog can be configured to intercept and absorb or disable enemy fire, whether of a physical or energy-based nature. Advanced UFog can act as a receptive sensor grid or remote probe and fulfill a variety of other useful functions.